The War in Iraq and its Aftermath
What happens when people with no knowledge of history run a nation
.......and start wars
"They hate us for our freedom"
How many times after September 11, 2001 did Bush and other conservatives, who possess
frighteningly little knowledge of history, state this ridiculous idea? Over and over this was given as the reason for 9/11 and as the casus belli for the Iraq war. One doesn't have to even discuss the mythical WMD's or the absurd notion that Bin Laden and Saddam were working together. Bin Laden was a religious fanatic who considered Saddam an apostate.
Aside from those two falsehoods, this idea that many nations of the Middle East hate America (and the West) for it's freedoms was Bush's weakest justification for the war. And this one didn't require the passage of time for history to prove wrong. Even at the time, if Bush, Rumsfeld, Wolfowitz and the other NeoCons had even a superficial knowledge of the history of the region, or knew the difference between Shia and Sunni Muslims, they might have pursued a more productive path; maybe avoided war altogether.
Since the early 1900's and particularly after the discovery of oil and the fall of the Ottoman Empire after WW I, the Western world has been in the region militarily, making and breaking dictators, drawing borders, creating "mandates" and doing what powerful nations do: imperialize. This is not moralizing, it is just how history just works. But that is not the point here and it would be futile to argue that powerful states should never exert their power over weaker ones. International relations is rather Darwinian in the way it has always worked.
So whatever the moral implications of imperialism, if a nation chooses exert it's power, start wars, especially pre-emptive wars as in Iraq, it could be argued that learning some basic history about the nation you are attacking would be a first step. Even ruthless regimes throughout history have conquered others by knowing some detail about their opponent and not going off blindly, if for no other reason than not to loose. And Bush lost the war. He didn't do his homework and ignored those who tried to educate him on the region. And Mission Accomplished was on illusion that day on the aircraft carrier many years ago and it is today. The was no victory in this war.
Hubris is word often associated with the Bush years. Perhaps it's hard not to exhibit a great deal of hubris at the helm of the worlds lone superpower. But that does not excuse ignoring the most basic facts before engaging in war, of any magnitude, and sending thousands of brave, all volunteer service men and women to die for their country. Was it Bush's guilty conscience that forbade photographing U.S. soldiers caskets upon their return home?
By not knowing the history of the Middle East and the difference between the warring sects within Islam, the Iraq war was destined to, and did, devolve into tribal, ethnic and religious civil war. It is still an unstable state with no real democracy. So what was accomplished? We did build the largest and most expensive U.S. embassy in the world there, costing almost a billion dollars; an interesting thing given how we officially withdrew our troops and are letting the country chart its own course toward freedom. If the oil reserves did not exist in Iraq, would we have built an embassy of that magnitude there? Or, more to the current point, gone to war there? This embassy gets very little press, but its easy to read about.
In the case of the Middle East, oil has bee the driving force in post WW I Western hegemony, not to mention the private sector, in this case Christian institutions, trying to proselytise and convert Muslims. It is difficult enough to impose borders and leaders on other nations. It's even more difficult when one is not dealing so much with nations, but rather loosely defined areas that are tribally, ethnically or religiously aligned. And, when you install dictators in these newly created "states", and then try to westernize the masses and impose a totally foreign faith, what you get is what there is today: unstable nations, ranging from fanatic theocracies such as modern Iran, to dictatorships as in Syria, Egypt, Lebanon and elsewhere.
There is not a democracy in sight in the region. And whether you look at the theocracies or dictatorships, they are all in possession of massive military hardware, much of which the West sold to many of these nations during the brief times they were our allies.
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Saddam was our fried when Iraq fought Iran and we ignored his human rights abuses
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Bin Laden was our friend when he fought Russia in Afghanistan
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Iran was our friend when the Shah was our dictator of choice and enforced control with the SAVAK.
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Egypt, under Nasser, was an oppressive state that for decades we gave a couple billion dollars per year to, to buy influence, with little comment about how he treated his people
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Saudi Arabia, a country with NO penal code, which beheads people, we have supported for decades as well, even going to war for them in Gulf War I. Yet another state that no U.S. politician will condemn for their human rights abuses.
Returning to Bush and Co. not knowing even basic world history before starting a massive invasion of a country which posed no direct threat to the U.S., an article in
Slate covers this well and briefly. See excerpt below and link to the entire article.
Before WWI, the countries we now know as Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Israel, and Turkey did not exist. They were all part of the Ottoman Empire, and had been for 500 years. As the Ottoman Empire collapsed in the face of war, the British and French made plans to weave the territories into their own empires. Country names were coined, boundaries were drawn, tribal leaders were anointed, co-opted, or traded promises for their obeisance. As it turned out, though, the war exhausted the British and French—their treasuries and their people’s patience—and over the subsequent two decades, their empires collapsed. But the borderlines they drew in the Middle East survived. These lines bore no resemblance to the natural, historic borders between tribes and sectarian groups; often they divided the members of a group from one another, or imposed the rule of minorities over majorities. The western-installed rulers of these artificial states survived too, and one of their main tasks was to oppress the groups, or buy them off, or play them against one another, in order to sustain their own rule.
Even at the time, most well informed citizens in the U.S. and elsewhere were fairly certain the WMD story was just that, and the Bin Laden--Saddam connection equally invalid. But as politicians on both sides do, when you have no real facts and if the truth doesn't fit your agenda, make up your own facts and repeat them enough so that you distort reality altogether. But they got away with it because power has it's influence and it's impossible to prove a negative.
What was unequivocal at the time, and now, is the historical record of Western dominance and manipulation in the Middle East. Unfortunately it wasn't just Bush who didn't know history; not enough of citizens do either and certainly most of the media are composed of journalists and not too many historians. In the larger media outlets, ratings and access are more important than facts.
But of all of Bush's transparent lies, the statement that the region hates us for our freedom was as untrue then as it is now. They hate us for our religious influence, our appropriating the only natural resource many of these nations have and doing so by installing dictators who oppressed and tortured their own people, enriched themselves and for whom freedom was a foreign concept.
Bush has really gotten a pass on his eight years of blunders caused by his ignorance and arrogance. He stays out of the limelight more than most past presidents and no doubt because he was incompetent and an embarrassment to his party and to the U.S. But history is not something we can continually forget or ignore, or in Bush's case never took the time to learn in the first place. But he did find time to study the Bible everyday, he was proud to say. That is fine, but maybe pick up a history book before you start a war.
In the case of Bush and the Iraq War, not knowing history is what created the 10 year quagmire of Iraq, killed thousands of American soliders, tens of thousands of Iraqis, diminished the standing of the U.S. with allies, fueled the contempt enemies and created more problems than it solved.
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To learn more of the fascinating history of this part of the world:
For a great, balanced look at western influence and border making in the Middle East, I recommend this book

For another look at this issue, please watch even the first in this 3 part series on the post WW I take over the the region by Western powers.